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State Energy Profile - Texas

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http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state
State Energy Profile for Texas
Last Update: November 5, 2009
Next Update: November 19, 2009

Mont Belvieu Propane Supply Hub Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Mustang Station Unit 4 Capacity = 145 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Odessa Ector Generating Station Capacity = 1,026 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Newman Capacity = 474 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Permian Basin Capacity = 1,055 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Plant X Capacity = 442 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: Tolk Capacity = 1,080 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Mustang Station Capacity = 486 MW Wind Power Plant Plant Name: Desert Sky Capacity = 161 MW Wind Power Plant Plant Name: Forest Creek Wind Farm LLC Capacity = 124 MW Wind Power Plant Plant Name: King Mountain Wind Ranch 1 Capacity = 278 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Morgan Creek Capacity = 400 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: C R Wing Cogen Plant Capacity = 227 MW Wind Power Plant Plant Name: Brazos Wind Farm Capacity = 160 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Graham Capacity = 630 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Jack Energy Facility Capacity = 621 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: Oklaunion Capacity = 690 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: R W Miller Capacity = 574 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: TXU Sweetwater Generating Plant Capacity = 289 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Ty Cooke Capacity = 149 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Black Hawk Station Capacity = 221 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: Harrington Capacity = 1,041 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Jones Capacity = 486 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Nichols Capacity = 457 MW Wind Power Plant Plant Name: Callahan Divide Wind Energy Center Capacity = 114 MW Wind Power Plant Plant Name: Trent Wind Farm, L.P. Capacity = 150 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: EG178 Facility Capacity = 108 MW Wind Power Plant Plant Name: Sweetwater Wind 3 LLC Capacity = 135 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Thomas C Ferguson Capacity = 420 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Leon Creek Capacity = 244 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: W B Tuttle Capacity = 304 MW Wind Power Plant Plant Name: Buffalo Gap Wind Farm Capacity = 121 MW Wind Power Plant Plant Name: Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center Capacity = 736 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Corpus Christi Energy Center Capacity = 482 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Hays Energy Project Capacity = 877 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Hidalgo Energy Center Capacity = 470 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Magic Valley Generating Station Capacity = 682 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: San Miguel Capacity = 391 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Arthur Von Rosenberg Capacity = 465 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Frontera Energy Center Capacity = 475 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Guadalupe Generating Station Capacity = 1,000 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: J K Spruce Capacity = 555 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: J T Deely Capacity = 770 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: La Palma Capacity = 203 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Laredo Capacity = 171 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: O W Sommers Capacity = 826 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Rio Nogales Power Project Capacity = 705 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Sam Rayburn Capacity = 227 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Silas Ray Capacity = 125 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: V H Braunig Capacity = 863 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Bosque County Peaking Capacity = 548 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Ennis Tractebel Power LP Capacity = 360 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Handley Capacity = 1,421 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Midlothian Energy Facility Capacity = 1,278 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Ray Olinger Capacity = 405 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Spencer Capacity = 125 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Trinidad Capacity = 240 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Wise County Power LP Capacity = 655 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: Big Brown Capacity = 1,150 MW Nuclear Power Plant Plant Name: Comanche Peak Capacity = 2,300 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: DeCordova Steam Electric Station Capacity = 1,138 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Forney Energy Center Capacity = 1,640 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Freestone Power Generation LP Capacity = 984 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Lake Hubbard Capacity = 921 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Mountain Creek Capacity = 890 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Valley Capacity = 1,115 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Wolf Hollow I, L.P. Capacity = 696 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Johnson County Capacity = 267 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: North Lake Capacity = 365 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Bryan Capacity = 130 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: Fayette Power Project Capacity = 1,641 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Lake Creek Capacity = 317 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: Twin Oaks Power One Capacity = 305 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Dansby Capacity = 157 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: Gibbons Creek Capacity = 462 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Hal C Weaver Power Plant Capacity = 103 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Holly Street Capacity = 391 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: Limestone Capacity = 1,700 MW Hydroelectric Power Plant Plant Name: Marshall Ford Capacity = 107 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: Sandow No 4 Capacity = 545 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Tenaska Frontier Generation Station Capacity = 860 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Tradinghouse Capacity = 1,383 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Bastrop Energy Center Capacity = 552 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Decker Creek Capacity = 932 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Lost Pines 1 Power Project Capacity = 516 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Sand Hill Capacity = 501 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Sim Gideon Capacity = 620 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Formosa Utility Venture Ltd Capacity = 597 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Barney M Davis Capacity = 682 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: Coleto Creek Capacity = 632 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Gregory Power Facility Capacity = 412 MW Nuclear Power Plant Plant Name: South Texas Project Capacity = 2,560 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Brazos Valley Generating Facility Capacity = 525 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Dow Chemical Texas Operation Capacity = 1,008 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Oyster Creek Unit VIII Capacity = 379 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: W A Parish Capacity = 1,191 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Ingleside Cogeneration Capacity = 460 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Union Carbide Seadrift Cogen Capacity = 168 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Sweeny Cogen Facility Capacity = 480 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: W A Parish Capacity = 2,490 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Lewis Creek Capacity = 459 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Channelview Cogeneration Plant Capacity = 779 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: CoGen Lyondell Capacity = 448 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: ExxonMobil Baytown Turbine Capacity = 320 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Greens Bayou Capacity = 760 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: T H Wharton Capacity = 1,025 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Texas City Power Plant Capacity = 451 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Exelon LaPorte Generating Station Capacity = 168 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Bayou Cogen Plant Capacity = 260 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Clear Lake Cogeneration Ltd Capacity = 366 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: ExxonMobil Baytown Refinery Capacity = 137 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: San Jacinto Steam Electric Station Capacity = 162 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Baytown Energy Center Capacity = 785 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Cedar Bayou Capacity = 2,258 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Deer Park Energy Center Capacity = 877 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Green Power 2 Capacity = 584 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Houston Chemical Complex Battleground Capacity = 274 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Pasadena Cogeneration Capacity = 700 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Power Station 4 Capacity = 172 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Shell Deer Park Capacity = 140 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: P H Robinson Capacity = 1,198 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Sam Bertron Capacity = 844 MW Petroleum Power Plant Plant Name: AES Deepwater Capacity = 140 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Channel Energy Center Capacity = 585 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: Martin Lake Capacity = 2,250 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: Monticello Capacity = 1,880 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Stryker Creek Capacity = 675 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Tenaska Gateway Generating Station Capacity = 863 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: Welsh Capacity = 1,584 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Wilkes Capacity = 883 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Eastman Cogeneration Facility Capacity = 402 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Knox Lee Capacity = 483 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Lamar Power Project Capacity = 1,004 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Paris Generating Station Capacity = 238 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Harrison County Power Project Capacity = 485 MW Coal Power Plant Plant Name: Pirkey Capacity = 675 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Cottonwood Energy Project Capacity = 1,234 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: ExxonMobil Beaumont Refinery Capacity = 632 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Sabine Capacity = 1,890 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: Sabine Cogen Capacity = 101 MW Natural Gas Power Plant Plant Name: SRW Cogen LP Capacity = 420 MW Louisiana Arkansas Missouri Oklahoma New Mexico Coal Mine - Surface Mine Name: Beckville Strip Production in 2007: 6.2 short tons Coal Mine - Surface Mine Name: Jewett Mine Production in 2007: 6.8 short tons Coal Mine - Surface Mine Name: Oak Hill Strip Production in 2007: 4.1 short tons Coal Mine - Surface Mine Name: Three Oaks Production in 2007: 4.1 short tons Coal Mine - Surface Mine Name: South Hallsville No. 1 Production in 2007: 4.2 short tons Oil Seaport/Oil Import Site Port Name: Corpus Christi Import Quantity in 2006: 779,142 bbl/d Oil Seaport/Oil Import Site Port Name: Brownsville Import Quantity in 2006: 22,359 bbl/d Oil Seaport/Oil Import Site Port Name: Texas City Import Quantity in 2006: 424,767 bbl/d Oil Seaport/Oil Import Site Port Name: Beaumont Import Quantity in 2006: 263,918 bbl/d Oil Seaport/Oil Import Site Port Name: Houston Import Quantity in 2006: 1,598,093 bbl/d Oil Seaport/Oil Import Site Port Name: Port LaVaca Import Quantity in 2006: 15,866 bbl/d Oil Seaport/Oil Import Site Port Name: Galveston Import Quantity in 2006: 20,222 bbl/d Oil Seaport/Oil Import Site Port Name: Freeport Import Quantity in 2006: 407,581 bbl/d Oil Seaport/Oil Import Site Port Name: Port Arthur Import Quantity in 2006: 800,310 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Alon USA Energy Inc Refinery Name: Big Spring 2007 Capacity = 67,000 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: WRB Refining, LLC Refinery Name: Borger 2007 Capacity = 146,000 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Western Refining Company Refinery Name: El Paso 2007 Capacity = 122,000 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Valero Energy Corp Refinery Name: Sunray 2007 Capacity = 171,000 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Citgo Refining & Chemical Inc Refinery Name: Corpus Christi 2004 Capacity = 156,000 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Valero Refining Company Texas Refinery Name: Corpus Christi 2007 Capacity = 142,000 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Trigeant LTD Refinery Name: Corpus Christi 2007 Capacity = 0 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Flint Hills Resources Co Refinery Name: Corpus Christi 2007 Capacity = 288,126 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Age Refining Inc Refinery Name: San Antonio 2007 Capacity = 13,000 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Valero Energy Corp Refinery Name: Three Rivers 2007 Capacity = 93,000 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Marathon Petroleum Company, LLC Refinery Name: Texas City 2007 Capacity = 72,000 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: ConocoPhillips Company Refinery Name: Sweeny 2007 Capacity = 247,000 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: ExxonMobil Refining & Supply Company Refinery Name: Baytown 2007 Capacity = 562,500 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: ExxonMobil Refining & Supply Company Refinery Name: Beaumont 2007 Capacity = 348,500 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Deer Park Refining Ltd Refinery Name: Deer Park 2007 Capacity = 333,700 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Valero Refining Company Texas Refinery Name: Houston 2007 Capacity = 83,000 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Houston Refining LP Refinery Name: Houston 2007 Capacity = 270,200 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Pasadena Refining System Inc Refinery Name: Pasadena 2007 Capacity = 100,000 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Motiva Enterprises, LLC Refinery Name: Port Arthur 2007 Capacity = 285,000 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Total Petrochemicals Inc Refinery Name: Port Arthur 2007 Capacity = 95,500 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Premcor Refining Systems Refinery Name: Port Arthur 2007 Capacity = 260,000 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: South Hampton Resources Refinery Name: Silsbee 2007 Capacity = 0 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: BP Products of North America Inc Refinery Name: Texas City 2007 Capacity = 205,000 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Valero Refining Company Texas Refinery Name: Texas City 2007 Capacity = 218,500 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Delek Refining Ltd Refinery Name: Tyler 2007 Capacity = 58,000 bbl/d Petroleum Refinery Company Name: Equistar Chemicals LP Refinery Name: Channelview 2008 Capacity = 0 bbl/d Natural Gas Hub Hub Name: Waha (Encina) Hub Est. Capacity = 200 MMcf/d Natural Gas Hub Hub Name: Waha (Lone Star) Hub Est. Capacity = 650 MMcf/d Natural Gas Hub Hub Name: Waha (DEFS) Hub Est. Capacity = 450 MMcf/d Natural Gas Hub Hub Name: Waha (EPGT) Hub Est. Capacity = 300 MMcf/d Natural Gas Hub Hub Name: Moss Bluff Hub Est. Capacity = 1,200 MMcf/d Natural Gas Hub Hub Name: Katy (DEFS) Hub Est. Capacity = 500 MMcf/d Natural Gas Hub Hub Name: Katy Storage Center Est. Capacity = 700 MMcf/d Natural Gas Hub Hub Name: Aqua Dulce Hub Est. Capacity = 425 MMcf/d Natural Gas Hub Hub Name: Carthage Hub Est. Capacity = 335 MMcf/d Natural Gas Hub Hub Name: Spindletop Storage Hub Est. Capacity = 750 MMcf/d Strategic Petroleum Reserve Facility Name: West Hackberry Planned Capacity = 227 million barrels Strategic Petroleum Reserve Facility Name: Bryan Mound Planned Capacity = 254 million barrels Strategic Petroleum Reserve Facility Name: Big Hill Planned Capacity = 170 million barrels Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Oil and Gas Active Leases Texas Energy Map - If you are unable to view this image contact the National Energy Information Center at 202-586-8800 for assistance

    Texas Quick Facts

  • Texas is the leading crude oil-producing State in the Nation (excluding Federal offshore areas, which produce more than any single State).
  • The State’s signature type of crude oil, known as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), remains the major benchmark of crude oil in the Americas.
  • Texas’s 27 petroleum refineries can process more than 4.7 million barrels of crude oil per day, and they account for more than one-fourth of total U.S. refining capacity.
  • Approximately three-tenths of total U.S. natural gas production occurs in Texas, making it the Nation’s leading natural gas producer.
  • Texas also leads the Nation in wind-powered generation capacity; there are over 2,000 wind turbines in West Texas alone.
  • Texas produces and consumes more electricity than any other State, and per capita residential use is significantly higher than the national average.




 

Overview

Resources and Consumption

Texas leads the Nation in fossil fuel reserves and in nonhydroelectric renewable energy potential. Texas crude oil reserves represent almost one-fourth of the U.S. total, and Texas natural gas reserves account for over three-tenths of the U.S. total. Although Texas’s oil reserves are found in several geologic basins throughout the State, the largest remaining reserves are concentrated in the Permian Basin of West Texas, which contains more than 20 of the Nation’s top 100 oil fields. Similarly, deposits of natural gas are found in abundance in several Texas production basins, with the largest fields heavily concentrated in the East Texas Basin in the northeastern part of the State. Texas’s fossil fuel reserves also include substantial deposits of lignite coal, found in narrow bands in the Gulf Coast region, and bituminous coal, found in north central and southwestern Texas.

Texas is also rich in renewable energy potential, including wind, solar, and biomass resources. Wind resource areas in the Texas Panhandle, along the Gulf Coast south of Galveston, and in the mountain passes and ridgetops of the Trans-Pecos offer Texas some of the greatest wind power potential in the United States. Solar power potential is also among the highest in the Nation, with high levels of direct solar radiation suitable to support large-scale solar power plants concentrated in West Texas. Due to its large agricultural and forestry sectors, Texas has an abundance of biomass energy resources. Although Texas is not known as a major hydroelectric power State, substantial untapped potential exists in several river basins, including the Colorado River of Texas and the Lower Red.

Due to its large population and an energy-intensive economy, Texas leads the Nation in energy consumption, accounting for more than one-tenth of total U.S. energy use. Energy-intensive industries in Texas include aluminum, chemicals, forest products, glass, and petroleum refining.

Petroleum

Texas leads the United States in both crude oil production and refining capacity. (Louisiana surpasses Texas as the leading U.S. oil producer when production from the Louisiana section of the federally administered Outer Continental Shelf is included in its State production total). The State’s first major oil boom began in 1901 with the discovery of the Spindle Top oil field in the upper Gulf Coast basin. Since then, major discoveries have been made in East Texas, West Texas, and offshore in the Gulf of Mexico. Texas oil production increased until 1972, when it peaked at more than 3.4 million barrels per day. Afterward, production declined rapidly, and in recent years Texas crude oil output has fallen to less than one-third of its 1972 peak.

Although Texas oil production is in decline, the State’s signature type of crude oil, known as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), remains the major benchmark of crude oil in the Americas. Because of its light consistency and low-sulfur content, the quality of WTI is considered to be high, and it yields a large fraction of gasoline when refined. Most WTI crude oil is sent via pipeline to Midwest refining centers, although much of this crude oil is also refined in the Gulf Coast region.

Texas’s 27 petroleum refineries can process more than 4.7 million barrels of crude oil per day, and they account for more than one-fourth of total U.S. refining capacity. Most of the State’s refineries are clustered near major ports along the Gulf Coast, including Houston, Port Arthur, and Corpus Christi. These coastal refineries have access to local Texas production, foreign imports, and oil produced offshore in the Gulf of Mexico, as well as the U.S. Government’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which operates two large storage facilities in Bryan Mound and Big Hill, Texas. Many of Texas’s refineries are sophisticated facilities that use additional refining processes beyond simple distillation to yield a larger quantity of lighter, higher-value products, such as gasoline. Because of this downstream capability, Texas refineries often process a wide variety of crude oil types from around the world, including heavier, lower-value varieties.

Refineries in the Houston area, including the Nation’s largest refinery in Baytown, make up the largest refining center in the United States. Refined-product pipelines spread out from Houston across the country, allowing Texas petroleum products to reach virtually every major consumption market east of the Rocky Mountains. This network includes the Colonial Pipeline system, which is the largest petroleum product pipeline system in the United States and is vital for supplying markets throughout the South and East Coast.

Texas’s total petroleum consumption is the highest in the Nation, and the State leads the country in consumption of asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, distillate fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), and lubricants. Texas LPG use is greater than the LPG consumption of all other States combined, due primarily to the State’s active petrochemical industry, which is the largest in the United States. Four separate motor gasoline blends are required in different parts the State to meet its diverse air quality needs, including the reformulated motor gasoline blended with ethanol that is required in the metropolitan areas of Houston and Dallas-Forth Worth. The agriculture-rich Texas Panhandle has several corn- and milo-based ethanol plants that are operational or under construction.

Natural Gas

Texas is the Nation’s leading natural gas producer, accounting for approximately three-tenths of total U.S. natural gas production. In the early days of Texas oil production, natural gas found with oil was largely considered a nuisance and was often flared (burned off) at the wellhead. Although some Texas cities and towns located near oil fields began using natural gas for energy, it was not until the State banned flaring after World War II that oil producers began to find new markets for natural gas. Two pipelines that once carried crude oil to the East Coast were converted to carry natural gas and a new natural gas pipeline to California was built, setting the stage for strong natural gas production growth in the 1950s and 60s. Texas natural gas production reached its peak in 1972 at more than 9.6 billion cubic feet of annual production. Output declined steadily to less than three-fifths of that level by 2005, but has subsequently increased to approximately four-fifths of the 1972 peak production level.

Today, an expansive network of interstate natural gas pipelines extends from Texas, reaching consumption markets from coast to coast, including those in California, the Midwest, the East Coast, and New England. Natural gas is also supplied to Texas via pipelines entering the State from New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Mexico. Texas has 7 natural gas market hubs located in both East and West Texas, more than any other State, and its natural gas storage capacity is among the highest in the Nation. A majority of the State’s 34 active storage facilities are depleted oil and gas fields converted for storage use, and the others were developed in salt dome formations. These facilities allow Texas to store its natural gas production during the summer when national demand is typically low and to ramp up delivery quickly during the winter months when markets across the country require greater volumes of natural gas to meet their home heating needs. However, due to the growing use of natural gas for electricity generation in the United States, Texas has occasionally withdrawn natural gas from storage during the summer months to help meet peak electricity demand for air-conditioning use.

Texas consumes more natural gas than any other State and accounts for nearly one-fifth of total U.S. natural gas consumption. Texas natural gas demand is dominated by the industrial and electric power sectors, which together account for more than four-fifths of State use. Because Texas demand is high, and because the State’s natural gas infrastructure is well connected to consumption markets throughout the country, several liquefied natural gas (LNG) import terminals have been proposed along the Gulf Coast in Texas. The State’s first LNG terminal became operational in April 2008 with a capacity of 1.5 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day. Another LNG terminal in Sabine, Texas is currently under construction and several other terminals have recently been approved for construction.

Coal, Electricity, and Renewables

Natural gas-fired power plants typically account for about one-half of the electricity produced in Texas and coal-fired plants account for much of the remaining generation. Although Texas produces a substantial amount of coal from its 11 surface mines, including five of the 50 largest in the United States, the State relies on rail deliveries of subbituminous coal from Wyoming for the majority of its supply. Nearly all of the coal mined in Texas is lignite, the lowest grade of coal, and all of it is consumed in the State, mostly in arrangements where a single utility operates both the mine and an adjacent coal-fired power plant. Although lower in energy content than other varieties of coal, lignite coal is also low in sulfur, an important consideration in the State’s efforts to lower emissions. Texas consumes more coal than any other State and its emissions of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide are among the highest the Nation.

Texas is a major nuclear power generating State. Two nuclear plants, Comanche Peak and South Texas Project, typically account for about one-tenth of the State’s electric power production. Until the recent capacity increase of the number 2 reactor at Palo Verde in Arizona, the two South Texas Project nuclear reactors were the largest in the Nation.

Although renewable energy sources contribute minimally to the Texas power grid, Texas leads the Nation in wind-powered generation capacity, and substantial new wind generation capacity is under construction. Texas became the country’s largest wind energy producer in 2006 when it surpassed California, Currently, there are over 2,000 wind turbines in West Texas alone, and the numbers continue to increase as development costs drop and wind turbine technology improves. In 2007, Texas became the first State to reach the milestone of one gigawatt of wind capacity installed in a single year. At 736 MW, the Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center in central Texas is the largest wind power facility in the world.

Texas produces and consumes more electricity than any other State. Despite large net interstate electricity imports in some areas, the Texas Interconnect power grid is largely isolated from the integrated power systems serving the eastern and western United States, and most areas of Texas have little ability to export or import electricity to and from other States. Texas per capita residential use of electricity is significantly higher than the national average, due to high demand for electric air-conditioning during the hot summer months and the widespread use of electricity as the primary energy source for home heating during the typically mild winter months.

In August 2005, Texas adopted a law requiring 5,880 megawatts of new renewable generation be built by 2015, representing about 5 percent of the State’s total 2005 electricity demand. The new law also set a target for 10,000 megawatts of renewable generation by 2025, with 500 megawatts from non-wind generation sources.



Data

Economy
Population and Employment Texas U.S. Rank Period
Population 24.3 million    2
 2008
Civilian Labor Force 12.1 million    2
 Sep-09
Per Capita Personal Income $37,187    22
 2007
Industry Texas U.S. Rank Period
Gross Domestic Product by State $1223.5 billion    2 2008
Land in Farms 130.4 million acres    1
 2007
Market Value of Agricultural Products Sold $21.0 billion    2
 2007

 Prices
Petroleum Texas U.S. Avg. Period
Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase $67.42/barrel
$65.28/barrel Aug-09
No. 2 Heating Oil, Residential — $2.37/gal Aug-09 Click to see State rankings
  Regular Motor Gasoline Sold Through Retail Outlets (Excluding Taxes) $2.07/gal $2.12/gal Aug-09 Click to see State rankings
  State Tax Rate on Motor Gasoline
(other taxes may apply) 		$0.20/gal $0.22/gal Aug-08
  No. 2 Diesel Fuel Sold Through Retail Outlets (Excluding Taxes) — $2.12/gal Aug-09 Click to see State rankings
  State Tax Rate on On-Highway Diesel
(other taxes may apply) 		$0.20/gal $0.22/gal Aug-08
Natural Gas Texas U.S. Avg. Period
  Wellhead $6.98/thousand cu ft $6.37/thousand cu ft 2007
  City Gate $5.01/thousand cu ft $5.59/thousand cu ft Aug-09
  Residential $16.57/thousand cu ft $15.15/thousand cu ft Aug-09 Click to see State rankings
Coal Texas U.S. Avg. Period
  Average Open Market Sales Price $19.73/short ton $32.06/short ton 2008
  Delivered to Electric Power Sector W $ 2.22 /million Btu Jul-09
Electricity Texas U.S. Avg. Period
  Residential 12.68 cents/kWh 11.96 cents/kWh Jul-09 Click to see State rankings
  Commercial 9.72 cents/kWh 10.72 cents/kWh Jul-09
  Industrial 6.53 cents/kWh 7.12 cents/kWh Jul-09
       

 Reserves & Supply
Reserves Texas Share of U.S. Period
  Crude Oil 4,555 million barrels 23.8% 2008
  Dry Natural Gas 77,546 billion cu ft 31.7% 2008
  Natural Gas Liquids 3,560 million barrels 38.4% 2008
  Recoverable Coal at Producing Mines 752 million short tons 4.2 % 2008
Rotary Rigs & Wells Texas Share of U.S. Period
Rotary Rigs in Operation 898 47.8% 2008
Crude Oil Producing Wells 150,239 28.6% 2008
Natural Gas Producing Wells 76,436 16.9% 2007
Production Texas Share of U.S. Period
  Total Energy 11,341 trillion Btu 15.9% 2007 Click to see State rankings
  Crude Oil 33,030 thousand barrels 20.2% Jun-09 Click to see State rankings
  Natural Gas - Marketed 6,091,724 million cu ft 30.4% 2007 Click to see State rankings
  Coal 39,017 thousand short tons NA 2008 Click to see State rankings
Capacity Texas Share of U.S. Period
  Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1) 4,747,179 barrels/calendar day 27.2% 2009
  Electric Power Industry Net Summer Capability 101,938 MW 10.2% 2007
Net Electricity Generation Texas Share of U.S. Period
  Total Net Electricity Generation 41,640 thousand MWh 11.2% Jul-09 Click to see State rankings
  Petroleum-Fired NM NA Jul-09
  Natural Gas-Fired 22,693 thousand MWh 22.5% Jul-09
  Coal-Fired 13,192 thousand MWh 8.3% Jul-09
  Nuclear 3,705 thousand MWh 5.1% Jul-09
  Hydroelectric 148 thousand MWh 0.6% Jul-09
  Other Renewables 1,376 thousand MWh 13.0% Jul-09
Stocks Texas Share of U.S. Period
  Motor Gasoline (Excludes Pipelines) 11,534 thousand barrels 21.2% Aug-09
  Distillate Fuel Oil (Excludes Pipelines) 26,999 thousand barrels 20.3% Aug-09
  Natural Gas in Underground Storage 664,164 million cu ft 8.7% Aug-09
  Petroleum Stocks at Electric Power Producers 1,945 thousand barrels 4.5 % Jul-09
  Coal Stocks at Electric Power Producers 18,302 thousand tons 9.3 % Jul-09
Production Facilities Texas
  Major Coal Mines Jewett Mine/Texas Westmoreland Coal Co. • Beckville Strip/Luminant Mining • South Hallsville No. 1/Sabine Mining Co. • Three Oaks/Luminant Mining • Oak Hill Strip/Luminant Mining
  Petroleum Refineries Age Refining Inc (San Antonio) • Alon USA Energy Inc (Big Springs) • Belvieu Environmental Fuels (Mont Belvieu) • BP Products North America Inc (Texas City) • Citgo Refining & Chemical Inc (Corpus Christi) • ConocoPhillips Company (Sweeny) • Deer Park Refining LTD Partnership (Deer Park) • Delek Refining LTD (Tyler) • Equistar Chemicals LP (Channelview) • ExxonMobil Refining & Supply Co (Baytown) • ExxonMobil Co (Beaumont) • Flint Hills Resources LP (Corpus Christi) • Houston Refining LP (Houston) • Marathon Petroleum Co LLC (Texas City) • Motiva Enterprises LLC (Port Arthur) • Pasadena Refining Systems Inc (Pasadena) • Premcor Refining Group Inc (Port Arthur) • South Hampton Resources Inc (Silsbee) • Total Petrochemicals Inc (Port Arthur) • Trigeant LTD (Corpus Christi) • Valero Energy Corporation (Sunray) • Valero Energy Corporation (Three Rivers) • Valero Refining Co Texas LP (Corpus Christi) •Valero Refining Co Texas LP (Houston) • Valero Refining Co Texas LP (Texas City) • Western Refining Company LP (El Paso) • WRB Refinging LLC (Borger)
  Major Non-Nuclear Electricity Generating Plants W A Parish (NRG Texas LLC) • Cedar Bayou (NRG Texas LLC) • Martin Lake (TXU Generation Co LP) • P H Robinson (NRG Texas LLC) • Sabine (Entergy Gulf States Inc)
  Nuclear Power Plants South Texas Project (STP Nuclear Operating Co) • Comanche Peak (TXU Generation Co LP)
       

 Distribution & Marketing
Distribution Centers Texas
Oil Seaports/Oil Import Sites Houston • Port Arthur • Corpus Christi • Texas City • Freeport • Beaumont • Brownsville • Galveston • Port LaVaca
  Natural Gas Market Centers Agua Dulce Hub (Production Center) • Carthage Hub (Market Hub) • Katy Hub (Market Hub) • Katy Storage Center (Market Hub) • Moss Bluff Hub (Market Hub) • Spindletop Storage Hub (Market Hub) • Waha (Lonestar) Hub • Waha (Encina) Hub • Waha (DEFS) Hub • Waha (EPGT) Texas Hub.
Major Pipelines Texas
Crude Oil All American • Amoco • Arco • Camden • Celex • Chevron • Coastal • Conoco • Duke • EOTT Energy • ETML • Exxon • Farmland • Fina • Genesis • Jayhawk • Koch • Matador • Mobil • Natural Gas Clearinghouse • Pactex • Phillips • Pride • Scurlock-Permian • Seaway • Shell • Sun • Texaco • Texas-New Mexico • Ultramar-Diamond Shamrock • Unocal • West Texas Gulf.
Petroleum Product ATA • Chevron • Citgo • Coastal • Conoco • DSE • Explorer • Exxon • Koch • Longhorn • Magellan • Mobil • Navajo • Phillips • Pride • Shell • Sigmor • SFPP • TEPPCO • Texaco • River • STOP • Trust • UDS.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases Chevron • Coastal • Conoco • Dettco • Dixie • Dow • DSE • Duke • Dynegy • Exxon • Highlands • Koch • MAPCO • Mitchell • Mobil • NuStar • Oxy • Phillips • Pride • Rio Grande • Sea Gull • Seadrift • Seminole • TEPPCO • Texas Eastman • Tejas • UPR • Valero.
  Interstate Natural Gas Pipelines ANR Pipeline Co. • Centerpoint Energy Gas Transmission Co. • Colorado Interstate Gas • El Paso Natural Gas Co. • Enbridge Pipelines (East Texas) • Florida Gas Transmission Co. • Gulf South Pipeline Co. • KM Interstate Gas Co. • Mississippi River Transmission Corp. • Natural Gas Pipeline Company of America • Northernal Natural Gas Co. • Oneok Westek Pipeline Co. • Oneok Gas Transportation Systems • Panhandle Eastern Pipeline Co. • Southern Natural Gas Co. • Southern Star Central Gas Pipeline Co. • Tennessee Gas Pipeline Co. • Texas Eastern Transmission Corp. • Texas Gas Transmission Co. • Transcontinental Gas Pipeline Co. • Transok Inc. • Transwestern Pipeline Co. • Trunkline Gas Co.
Fueling Stations Texas Share of U.S. Period
Motor Gasoline 13,657 8.4% 2008
Liquefied Petroleum Gases 570 23.1% 2009
Compressed Natural Gas 17 2.2% 2009
Ethanol 40 2.1% 2009
Other Alternative Fuels 26 2.1% 2009
       

 Consumption

per Capita Texas U.S. Rank Period
Total Energy 496 million Btu    5 2007 Click to see State rankings
by Source Texas Share of U.S. Period
Total Energy 11,834 trillion Btu 11.7% 2007
Total Petroleum 1208.0 million barrels 16.0% 2007
    Motor Gasoline 290.6 million barrels 8.6% 2007
    Distillate Fuel 144.5 million barrels 9.4% 2007
    Liquefied Petroleum Gases 433.3 million barrels 56.9% 2007
    Jet Fuel 75.4 million barrels 12.7% 2007
Natural Gas 3,515,902 million cu ft 15.2% 2007
Coal 104,784 thousand short tons 9.3% 2007
by End-Use Sector Texas Share of U.S. Period
Residential 1,594,128 billion Btu 7.4% 2007
Commercial 1,381,566 billion Btu 7.6% 2007
Industrial 5,950,938 billion Btu 18.3% 2007
Transportation 2,907,862 billion Btu 10.0% 2007
for Electricity Generation Texas Share of U.S. Period
Petroleum NM NA Jul-09
Natural Gas 180,522 million cu ft 22.7% Jul-09
Coal 9,061 thousand short tons 10.7% Jul-09
for Home Heating (share of households) Texas U.S. Avg. Period
Natural Gas 43% 51.2% 2000
Fuel Oil 0% 9.0% 2000
Electricity 49% 30.3% 2000
Liquefied Petroleum Gases 6% 6.5% 2000
Other/None 2% 1.8% 2000
       

 Environment
Special Programs Texas
Clean Cities Coalitions Alamo Area (San Antonio) • Central Texas (Austin) • Dallas/Ft. Worth • East Texas • Houston-Galveston • South East Texas (Beaumont-Port Arthur).
Alternative Fuels Texas Share of U.S. Period
  Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use 88,135 12.7% 2007
Ethanol Plants 1 0.7% 2008
Ethanol Plant Capacity 100 million gal/year 1.3% 2008
Ethanol Consumption 15,466 thousand barrels 9.4% 2007
Electric Power Industry Emissions Texas Share of U.S. Period
  Carbon Dioxide
255,092,183 metric tons 10.1% 2007 Click to see State rankings
  Sulfur Dioxide
468,207 metric tons 5.2% 2007
  Nitrogen Oxide
247,396 metric tons 6.8% 2007
       
    — = No data reported.    * = Number less than 0.5 rounded to zero.    NA = Not available.    NM = Not meaningful due to large relative standard error or excessive percentage change.    W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
    Click the icon Click to see State rankings next to a data series to see State rankings for that series.

Update on November 5, 2009
New statistics for August 2009:
• Prices of crude oil, residential heating oil, motor gasoline, and diesel fuel
• Prices of city gate and residential natural gas
• Stocks of motor gasoline and distillate fuel oil
• Natural gas in underground storage
New statistics for June 2009:
• Production of crude oil
New statistics for 2008:
• Reserves of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids
New statistics for 2007:
• Total energy production
 
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